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Iana is the name of an ancient Roman goddess associated with arches and the moon, usually identified as either a form of Diana or the female counterpart of Janus. Varro (1st century BC) uses the name in his agricultural treatise, in a passage of dialogue in which the interlocutors explain that some farming tasks should be done when the moon is waxing, while the waning phase facilitates others, such as harvesting, shearing sheep, and clearing woodlands. It seems to be a name used by country people.〔Varro, ''De re rustica'' 1.37.1–3; Arthur Bernard Cook, ''Zeus'', vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 339.〕 Orosius (5th century AD) has a form ''Ianium'' (in some readings)〔Orosius, ''Histories'' 5.12.6; Cook, ''Zeus,'' p. 339.〕 equivalent to ''Dianium'', referring to either a shrine〔The Dianium was located at the intersection of the Vicus Cuprius and the Clivus Orbius (or Urbius) on the Oppian Hill, according to Livy 1.48.6. It had disappeared by the time of Livy, but was still referenced as a landmark; Lawrence Richardson, ''A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), p. 109.〕 or the Temple of Diana on the Aventine Hill.〔Richardson, ''Topographical Dictionary,'' p. 109.〕 Diana is one of the Roman goddesses most often identified with the moon, but Usener thought Iana might be better identified with Juno Lucina.〔Hermann Usener, "Zwillingsbildung," as reprinted in ''Kleine Schriften'' (Teubner, 1904), vol. 4, p. 340.〕 The Church Father Tertullian, however, calls Iana a ''diva arquis'', "goddess of arches" (Latin ''arcus'' or ''arquus'', "arch; rainbow").〔Tertullian, ''Ad nationes'' 2.15.〕 The arch as a passageway or portal suggests Iana as the female counterpart of Janus, whose role as a "doorkeeper" includes functions pertaining to time and the heavens.〔Stefan Weinstock, "Martianus Capella and the Cosmic System of the Etruscans," ''Journal of Roman Studies'' 36 (1946), p. 106; René Guénon, ''Fundamental Symbols'' (Cambridge: Quinta Essentia, 1995), chapter 37, "The Solstitial Gate."〕 Varro's contemporary Nigidius Figulus identified Janus with Apollo and Iana with Diana.〔As preserved by Macrobius, ''Saturnalia'' 1.9.8; Cook, ''Zeus,'' p. 339.〕 W.H. Roscher includes Iana among the ''indigitamenta'', the list of deities maintained by Roman priests to assure that the correct divinity was invoked for rituals.〔W.H. Roscher, ''Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie'' (Leipzig: Teubner, 1890–94), vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 199.〕 ==See also== * Cardea 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iana (goddess)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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